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                <text>Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee:  Zenon Martínez Banda was born in Lagunillas, San Luis Potosí, México; his father worked on a milpa; as a boy, he helped his father work in the fields growing corn and green beans; he was never formally educated; while in his early twenties, he enlisted in the bracero program; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of Arizona, California and Montana cleaning, pruning and picking cotton and tomatoes; during his time with the program, he married and had three children; he and his wife later had two more children, five in total.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Summary of Interview:  Mr. Martínez recalls hearing people talk favorably about the bracero  program and wanting to enlist; while in his early twenties, he decided to join the bracero program; he describes the requirements and necessary paperwork to enlist; additionally, he recounts going through the center in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México and entering the United States through Hidalgo, Texas; he also went through the center in Chihuahua and Sonora, México and entered through El Paso, Texas and Nogales, Arizona, respectively; Zenon also describes the medical exams and fumigation procedures he underwent; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of Arizona, California and Montana cleaning, pruning and picking cotton and tomatoes; he goes on to detail the various worksites, housing, accommodations, living conditions, provisions, routines, payments, deductions, treatment, contract lengths and recreational activities; although he usually obtained forty-five day contracts, he did work for six months in Wilcox, Arizona and one year in Peoria, Arizona; during his time with the program, he married and had three children; he and his wife later had two more children, five in total.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee:  Efrén Pacheco A. was born April 19, 1936, in Ascensión, Chihuahua, México; as a boy, he worked in the fields as did his parents and siblings; in 1956, when he was twenty-one, he decided to enlist in the bracero program; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of New Mexico and Texas cleaning, pruning and picking cotton until 1960; he later worked in the United States without proper documentation; during the 1980s, he was able to obtain legal status for himself and his family with the help of his employer.&#13;
&#13;
Summary of Interview:  Mr. Pacheco briefly talks about his family; in 1956, when he was twenty-one, he decided to enlist in the bracero program; he went through the contracting center in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, where he waited for roughly ten days; he paid to sleep in a hotel during that time; those who did not have money slept outside; the men were loaded into trains without seats and transported to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México; they were forced to stand, and they did not stop for restroom breaks throughout the duration of the trip; once they arrived at the border, they had to stand in lines and could not move, because they would lose their place; unless they brought food with them or had money, they did not eat; the men were then stripped to their undergarments and deloused with pesticides used for animals, which smelled horribly, before being medically examined; afterward, they used the public restrooms to bathe as best they could, often without towels to clean or dry themselves, before getting transferred to their worksites; as a bracero, he labored in the fields of New Mexico and Texas cleaning, pruning and picking cotton until 1960; he goes on to detail the various worksites, housing, accommodations, living conditions, provisions, duties, treatment, payments, remittances, contract lengths and renewals, discriminatory practices and recreational activities; moreover, he relates several interesting anecdotes about his experiences, including an unsuccessful strike; after the program ended, he worked in the United States without proper documentation, but he was later able to obtain legal status for himself and his family.&#13;
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                <text>During peak seasons approximately 5,000 men passed through this camp daily. The first step for processing is for the men to have their name recorded on the main list.  At  the Processing Center in Monterrey, Mexico the men are kept in line by Mexican policemen. A policeman used a rubber truncheon as a symbol of authority and intimidation when directing the braceros. Officials claimed that they used the rubber truncheon only 'playfully' with braceros and many of them laughed at it. The group behind the barbed wire enclosure waits to be called up to present their credentials. 

Original Caption: The policeman used a rubber truncheon as an effective symbol of authority in directing the braceros to the processing line-up at the Migratory Station in Monterrey, Mexico. Approximately 5,000 men were put through this camp daily during peak periods. (A, #6)�As the men line up initially to be put on the list at the Control Station in Monterrey, Mex, they are kept in line by mexican policemen. The rubber truncheon he has in his hand is used only 'playfully' on the men, and many of them laugh at it. The groups behind the barbed wire enclosure are waiting to be called up to present their credentials. (B, #10)</text>
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                <text>Print NAD-2004.0138.57.16. See Nadel Captions A, #6/ B, # 10. See also Nadel Footnotes, 1.</text>
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