100 25 3209 https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381215.jpg b7907dec676b6172d699ca6dc4b4e1c4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.15; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.15; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros wait to be processed at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381234.jpg 3e17f9fd1036c1a2c7a827908f9629de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.34; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.34; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros board a truck at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381235.jpg 91b6d3885ee927fd8a5b1d560acbc8ea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.35; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.35; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381236.jpg eb4b30f3d98914665571bacb3bb5eb55 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.36; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.36; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381237.jpg 57fa5a331b5c0029b180a2176065f8ca Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.37; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.37; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381431.jpg 9fbe9f92a243afeca8035c4b777a8a88 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.14.32; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.14.31; Roll #: 14 Title A name given to the resource Officials take fingerprints from braceros while others wait in line to be processed at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401383413.jpg 02986e1db26abfba3e314f1391e09f7d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 16. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.34.13; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.34.13; Roll #: 34 Title A name given to the resource A bracero closes a full Toro lettuce box with a special tool in a field in the Salinas Valley, California. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Salinas Valley, California Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/martinez_nmah007_c1927edb83.mp3 fbd303a4fdc8f03f0f9fd9c1c090d483 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Ley-Alarcón, Karim Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Martínez, Sebastián Location The location of the interview. El Paso, Texas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mini Disc Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 40:24 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 bit 96 k Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview [Min 0:00-4:19; Introduction and Schooling] Sebastián Martínez was born on November 16, 1938 in Saragosa, Texas. His father worked briefly on the railroad before moving to Pecos in 1943 where he worked at a car dealership. His father also kept animals at a farm connected to the car dealership. He had a cow and chickens. Sebastián graduated from high school in 1958 and recalls that Pecos was racist in the 1950s. He then graduated from Sul Ross State University in Alpine, Texas with a Bachelors of Science in Education, taught for a few years, and then graduated from the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) in 1971 with a Masters of Analysis of English to Spanish and Spanish to English. Sebastián taught for thirty years, has been involved in politics, and is interested in history. He currently splits his time between his two residences in Pecos and El Paso, Texas. [Mins 4:20-6:59; Memories of Braceros and Segregation] Sebastián and his father worked alongside Braceros in the 1950s, chopping cotton among other things. He states that the Braceros were happy and liked to joke around. He also remarks that when the Braceros went into the city of Pecos, they were “herded” to the east side of Pecos with the other “Mexicans” [Mexicans and Mexican-Americans]. The west side of Pecos was where the “Anglo” [white] population resided. Sebastián states that the Braceros were “badly mistreated” but says that the Braceros stayed in the United States for the opportunity to make money and send it back home. [Mins 7:00-10:09; Living Conditions] There was no processing center in Pecos. Sebastián relates that some growers would buy barracks from the United States Army in which the Braceros would live. He describes the barracks, saying that the Braceros’ living conditions were “rough” from an outside perspective, but that some of the Braceros seemed satisfied with the conditions because they were provided with running water, an out-house, and cooking facilities. The growers kept the housing facilities clean. The number of Braceros in each facility ranged from ten to forty. The Braceros would ride in a bus or truck to work. [Mins 10:10-13:48; Working Conditions] Sebastián does not recall that the growers would ever check documentation. He states that the growers were not concerned with documentation. He also does not recall that any immigration officials ever harassed the Braceros for documentation. Sebastián was about fifteen at the time that he worked with the Braceros and calls himself “streetwise” because as one of ten children he had been working since he was eleven years old. Sebastián was paid fifty cents an hour and guesses that the Braceros were paid about four to five dollars a day. The field boss would usually be a local Mexican-American. Work would be divided according to need and experience. Sebastián recalls that everything was run efficiently. The Braceros would work six days a week and some would volunteer to work Sundays. [Mins 13:49-15:45; Recreation] Sebastián states that most Braceros went to bars and brothels on Saturday nights. He describes the east side of Pecos as a “red light district” on the weekends. He states that on weekends the population of Pecos would swell from 10,000 to 50,000 people as the Braceros would fill the “cantinas” [bars]. He describes how many women would “service the men” [prostitution], becoming rich in the process. [Mins 15:46-18:21; Food] Some growers would form co-op stores from which the Braceros would purchase food. Payment was made in cash or arranged through each grower. Some Braceros bought food from Safeway but all labels were in English. Sebastián recalls that dog food made with real beef and horse meat was very popular among the Braceros until they were informed that it was dog food. Sebastián relates how the local Mexican-Americans would take business away from the co-ops and Safeway by bussing the Braceros from the worksite to their own grocery stores. [Mins 18:22-21:04; Recreation Continued and Segregation Continued] Braceros used irrigation ditches to bathe and swim in. Sebastián explains that they were filled with clean water. The movie theaters in Pecos showed Mexican films and were filled with Braceros every Saturday and Sunday. The theater owners were Mexican-American, as the “Anglo” [white] theaters would show American movies. The Mexican-Americans in Pecos were segregated on their own side of town but held jobs and shopped for clothing on the “Anglo” [white] side of town. Sebastián explains that after the Braceros arrived, Mexican-Americans started opening up their own shops on the Mexican-American side of town, so the Mexican-American community began shopping on the Mexican-American side of town. [Mins 21:05-23:46; Community Relations] Sebastián explains that Pecos resented the Braceros but that the business community knew that they were necessary. The Mexican-American community in Pecos resented the Braceros because they disrupted the “social life,” filling the dance halls. Sebastián does not recall any violence resulting from this resentment but remarks that words were exchanged. Sebastián recalls that there was a lot of inter-marriage between local Mexican-American women and Braceros. The Braceros that married locally remained in Pecos and were not bothered by local law enforcement. Sebastián has many female relatives, including an aunt, two cousins, and his maternal grandmother, that had romantic relationships with Braceros. [Mins 23:47-24:57; Large Pecos Farms and Newspaper Articles] Sebastián recalls that the large farms in Pecos belonged to the Mattox’s, the Armstrong’s, the Dingler’s and the Ivey’s. He believes that some Ivey’s moved to El Paso. Sebastián recommends that articles from The Pecos Enterprise be researched as he remembers that articles relating to the Braceros appeared in that newspaper. [Mins 24:58-26:48; Schooling] Sebastián recalls living “two lives,” one at school where he learned to speak English with a southern accent, and one outside of school. He states that some of the Braceros’ children went to school with the “Anglos” [white] and became acculturated very quickly. Eventually, the school board built more classrooms in the Mexican-American side of town and the Braceros’ children attended school on the Mexican-American side of town. [Mins 26:49-29:32; Community Relations Continued] Sebastián repeats that he does not recall any violence. He describes the Braceros as happy and easy-going. He also states that on the weekends, the “Anglo” [white] population would not go into town. Rather, the white population would gather in homes or private clubs. [Mins 29:33-31:41; Religion] St. Catherine’s Catholic Church catered to the “Anglo” [white] community while Santa Rosa de Lima catered to the “Mexican” [Mexican and Mexican-American] community. Sebastián does not remember many Braceros attending church. Rather, he recalls the evangelical church proselytizing at the farms where the Braceros worked. He recalls an article in Time Magazine about a Catholic priest’s thoughts on this issue. Most growers were Protestant. Sebastián recalls a very small “Anglo” [white] Catholic community in Pecos. He does not recall the Braceros participating in religious holidays. [Mins 31:42-33:43; Understanding of the Term Bracero] Sebastián does not recall any public protests against the Braceros. He understands the term Bracero as originating from the word brasa [ember] connoting individuals who used embers from coal to heat their homes. [Mins 33:44-36:32; Community Relations Continued] Sebastián describes his memories of Braceros as positive. He would socialize with the Braceros after work. Sebastián states that most Braceros did not know what becoming a Bracero would entail. Rather, they only knew that they were supposed to work. After arriving in Pecos, Sebastián explains that many found it to be similar to what they had known and found ways to stay in Pecos. Sebastián does not recall ever hearing that a grower was eager to send a Bracero back to México. He repeats that no one ever thought of Braceros as “illegal,” even after their term was through. [Mins 36:33-End; Final Thoughts] Sebastián believes that the “territory” [the portion of the United States which once belonged to México] is peacefully becoming mestizo again through intermarriage, etc. He speaks briefly about the Iraq war. Sebastián states that it is logistically impossible for the United States to bring temporary workers into the country and ship all of them back at the end of their term. He speaks briefly about his grandfather who was a mule trader from México who would make trades in Fort Davis, Texas. File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Martinez_NMAH007 Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Sebastián Martínez creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Alacon, Karim-Ley contributor (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'contributor' Dublin Core field. Cristóbal A. Borges Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cristóbal Borges Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ley-Alarcón, Karim Martínez, Sebastián Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-11-12 Description An account of the resource Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Sebastián Martínez was born on November 16, 1938, in Saragosa, Texas; as a child he and his family moved to Pecos, Texas; during the fifties, when he was roughly fourteen or fifteen years old, he began working with his father alongside braceros, chopping cotton and other such field duties; after graduating from high school, he went on to receive a bachelor’s degree from Sul Ross State University and a master’s degree from the University of Texas at El Paso. Summary of Interview: Mr. Martínez briefly discusses his family; when he was roughly fourteen or fifteen years old, he began working with his father alongside braceros, chopping cotton and other such field duties; he goes on to discuss his experiences working with braceros, and he gives an account of their living and working conditions, provisions, recreational activities, religion, and their general dispositions; in addition, he explains the relationships between the braceros and the surrounding community in Pecos, Texas, which was largely segregated; several of his female relatives, however, did have romantic relationships with braceros; he also speaks about the children of braceros going to school in Pecos and the subsequent process of assimilation; after graduating from high school, Sebastián went on to receive a bachelor’s degree from Sul Ross State University and a master’s degree from the University of Texas at El Paso. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso Subject The topic of the resource Working with his father alongside braceros Title A name given to the resource Sebastián Martínez https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/ponce_nmah008_159a84adfa.mp3 7ac799bf943add3050edfb67eb03a0db Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Ley-Alarcón, Karim Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Ponce, Héctor Location The location of the interview. El Paso, Texas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mini Disc Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 32:09 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 bit 96 k Time Summary A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview [Mins 0:00-2:33; Introduction] Héctor Ponce was born on April 1, 1933 in Valle Zaragoza, Chihuahua, México. His parents worked in agriculture. He attended school until the fifth grade. Héctor received his contract in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México. Before he was contracted he worked in agriculture in Valle Zaragoza and was unmarried. [Mins 2:34-3:44; The United States] Héctor remarks that he liked the way that the United States treated people. He says that his life was better in the United States because he and his father had no money in México. He has worked most of his life in the United States. [Mins 3:45-9:58; Bracero Work] Héctor states that his bosses cared greatly for him and would tell him that they did not want him to return to México after his contract was finished. Héctor worked for a group of brothers in [Perry,] Michigan dispensing coal for heaters. Before that, he had picked peppers in North Platte, North Dakota. He describes his life as a Bracero as very good. Héctor was paid weekly. Héctor’s growers gave him a house to live in, took him out to eat, invited him to their homes, and wanted to legalize his residency so that he could work for them permanently [unclear whether his residency was actually legalized at that time]. There was hardly any Spanish spoken in Michigan. Héctor worked for the brothers in Perry until he “deserted them” and went to live with a woman in Saginaw, Michigan where he worked for Chevrolet. Héctor also worked as a Bracero in Nebraska. He explains that the growers in Nebraska were intent on finding him a girlfriend to live with, but at the end of his contract he returned to México to comply with the law. [Mins 9:59-11:04; Food and Recreation] The Braceros would cook communally, each making a different part of the meal. Héctor does not remember any recreational activities. He first became familiar with the television in Michigan. [Mins 11:05-13:04; Documentation] Héctor states that growers also hired undocumented workers, but that the Braceros had no negative feelings toward them. He repeats that his bosses in Perry loved him very much. He states that the authorities never entered the worksites to look over documentation. [Mins 13:05-15:34; Working Conditions] Héctor would communicate with his family in México by writing letters, but did not write often. His family never came to visit him. Héctor remarks that the cold never bothered him because he had good heaters. He would work six days a week and have Sunday free. On Sundays, the bosses would take Héctor to church and then out to eat. Héctor would work about six or seven hours a day. He remembers that the bosses would feed him eggs and toast in the morning. [Mins 15:35-16:34; Dating] Héctor’s bosses would bring young American women by the house to set him up on dates. Héctor and the young American women would go to movies, but he was not able to communicate with them since he did not know English and they did not know Spanish. He relates that he was treated very well at both the movie theater and on the street. [Mins 16:35-18:50; Living Conditions] Héctor states that his living arrangements were in good condition since everything was brand new. The bathrooms had drains in them. His bosses’ wives would wash his clothes for him. Héctor did not buy a single thing. His bosses provided him with towels, soap, and toothbrushes, among other things. His bosses also employed a teacher from Detroit, Michigan to teach Héctor English at night. [Mins 18:51-21:05; Payment] Héctor worked with one other man [unclear whether this is a Bracero or not] who also spoke Spanish. His bosses wanted Héctor to work in their store permanently. Héctor was paid seventy dollars a week in cash. He would send a small amount to his mother through the mail and keep the rest for himself. Héctor explains that after the other Braceros’ contracts were through, his bosses kept him to work for them. He relates that his payment was always correct and on time. During Christmas, Héctor would receive a small bonus, and would be invited to the bosses’ party. Héctor says that he never had any problems while he was working there. [Mins 21:06-23:09; Community Relations] Héctor states that he was very much appreciated in Perry, and that the sheriff would always say hello to him. He describes eating donuts and drinking coffee with the Americans. Héctor says that he never had any problems due to racism. He recalls that he never even became ill while in Perry. He remembers driving in circles on the iced-over lakes during the cold winters. [Mins 23:10-24:57; Friends] Héctor describes the Spanish-speaking man who worked with him in Perry. He was married and lived in a trailer. He would invite Héctor over for dinner and take him to the lakes. The boat from Perry to Lansing, Michigan cost fifty-five cents. Héctor relates that in 1953 or 1954 Lansing only had one Mexican restaurant. [Mins 24:58-26:42; Chevrolet and INS] Héctor speaks about working for Chevrolet. Due to his work there, he now receives social security. There were many Mexicans that worked at Chevrolet. Héctor remarks that Spanish music was hardly ever heard in Saginaw. Eventually, the INS told Héctor that if he returned voluntarily to México his undocumented status would not be recorded. Héctor returned to México and legalized his residency in the United States. [Mins 26:43-28:11; Nebraska] Héctor states that he was treated very well in Nebraska. There, he worked with beets. He was paid one dollar a day. [Mins 28:12-29:48; American Citizenship and California] Héctor became an American citizen two or three years before this interview. He decided to become a citizen because he liked the United States. He is currently receiving a pension from the United States government. Today, Héctor lives in Socorro, Texas. Héctor worked in cementing and tarring for twenty years in California. During that time he was part of a labor union. The union regularly sends him checks. [Mins 29:49-End; Final Reflections] Héctor left a house in California to his two children. Héctor feels proud to have been a Bracero, saying that it was in the United States that he learned how to work. He remarks that being a Bracero changed his whole life. File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Ponce_NMAH008 subject (Spanish) Bracero Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Héctor Ponce creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Ley-Alarcón, Karim contributor (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'contributor' Dublin Core field. Cristóbal A. Borges Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cristóbal Borges Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ley-Alarcón, Karim Ponce, Héctor Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-11-12 Description An account of the resource Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Héctor Ponce was born on April 1, 1933, in Valle de Zaragoza, Chihuahua, México; both of his parents worked in agriculture; he was formally educated through the fifth grade; sometime later, he traveled to Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México, where he enlisted in the bracero program; as a bracero, he worked in the fields of Nebraska and North Dakota, and he dispensed coal for heaters in Michigan; independent of the program, he also worked for Chevrolet while in Michigan; he later legalized his residency, and he ultimately became a United States citizen. Summary of Interview: Mr. Ponce very briefly discusses his family and childhood; as a bracero he picked beets in Nebraska, peppers in North Dakota, and dispensed coal for heaters in Michigan; overall, he had great working relationships with his employers; while in Michigan, he was employed by a group of brothers who treated him extremely well; they often invited him into their home, and they offered to help arrange for his residency in the hopes that he would stay to work there permanently; he also relates a story about how his employer in Nebraska was intent on finding him a girlfriend; he goes on to discuss wages, living and working conditions, provisions, language barriers, communication with his family, and community attitudes toward him and other workers; in addition, he describes his experience with immigration personnel; independent of the program, he also worked for Chevrolet while in Michigan; he concludes by commenting on his fondness for the United States and how working with the bracero program changed his life. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso Subject The topic of the resource Bracero Title A name given to the resource Héctor Ponce https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/carta-enviada-a-empleador,-lamesa-tx,-1953-(procedemiento_619eb5d918.jpg e5919152b586f7de05745ed514b9c362 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2552 Height 3424 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2552 x 3424 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Wright G. Boyd Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-06 Description An account of the resource Extension of contract letter for Liborio Santiago Perez signed on July 17, 1953. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Extension of contract letter for Liborio Santiago Perez, 1953 Title A name given to the resource Extension of contract letter Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Lamesa, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1953-07-17 1953 Contract Extension lamesa letter Perez Santiago texas https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/carton-conteo-cajas-pizca-tomate,-stockton-california,-1960_4092a057e3.jpg 035fcba58696d07792260ca4631a82a1 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2236 Height 1080 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2236 x 1080 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Stockton Growers Group, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-06 Description An account of the resource Card counting picked cartons for Liborio Santiago Perez. Total 100 picked. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Card counting picked cartons for Liborio Santiago Perez Title A name given to the resource Card counting picked cartons Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Stockton, California Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1960-09-08 bracero card cartons Perez picked Santiago https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/certificado-antecedentes-penales,-ciud-de-mexico,-1961-(upp_af67b58196.jpg 06f697ab236f780423bf63abe2806205 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2552 Height 3508 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 96 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2552 x 3508 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Mexico City Police Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-06 Description An account of the resource Certificate of no criminal or legal records by Mexico City, D.F. between 1961 and 1964. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Certificate of no criminal or legal records Title A name given to the resource Certificate of no criminal or legal records Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Mexico City Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1964-04-04 criminal legal no record https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/certificado-antecedentes-penales,-oaxaca,-1962_d7470d3b97.jpg f0a91dc310893a86ad3aadd7668ba1c3 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2552 Height 3508 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2552 x 3508 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Oaxaca Police Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Certificate of no criminal or legal records for Liborio Santiago Perez signed on October 31, 1962 by Oaxaca Police Department Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Certificate of no criminal or legal records Title A name given to the resource Certificate of no criminal or legal records Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Oaxaca, Mexico Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1962-10-31 certificate criminal legal no Perez record Santiago https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/contrato-calfornia-septiembre-octubre-1960-(front)_ced2476d4c.jpg 364d678ee8266f45c93e017df6579459 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2528 Height 3260 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2528 x 3260 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez California Asparagus Growers Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Continuation of standard work contract for Liborio Santiago Perez signed on 1 Sep 1960 with California Asparagus Growers Association. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Continuation of standard work contract for Liborio Santiago Perez Title A name given to the resource Continuation of standard work contract (front) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Contra Costa Counties, California Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1960-09-02 bracero Contract Perez Santiago Work https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/contrato-california-septiembre-octubre-1960-(back)_f20c8d478e.jpg 54eb346165f60c0e752d4b1c2aa9dc5f Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2544 Height 3268 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2544 x 3268 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez California Asparagus Growers Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Continuation of standard work contract for Liborio Santiago Perez showing labor wages for crops. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Continuation of standard work contract for Liborio Santiago Perez Title A name given to the resource Continuation of standard work contract (back) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Contra Costa Counties, California Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 2002-09-02 bracero Contract Perez Santiago Work https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/contrato-texas-julio-agosto-1961_f26806a03e.jpg 1d86518a7d31b52992b1bd261e3d2aad Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2496 Height 3268 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2496 x 3268 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Arroyo Farms, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Continuation of standard work contract for Liborio Santiago Perez signed July 11, 1961. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Continuation of standard work contract for Liborio Santiago Perez Title A name given to the resource Continuation of standard work contract Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1961-07-11 1961-08-18 bracero Contract hidalgo Perez Santiago texas Work https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/foto-en-tractor_970c19fb0a.jpg 0258c9676f821f6ef7df1ee1b246b315 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1064 Height 1032 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photo File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 1064 x 1032 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Photograph of Liborio Santiago Perez on tractor. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Photograph of bracero on tractor Title A name given to the resource Photograph of bracero on tractor Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez bracero Perez photo Santiago tractor https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/foto-la-villa,-ciudad-mexico-1951-(regreso-de-eu)_8ae7b98fa3.jpg b4c4e097bdd770291e58317fe047ef04 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 796 Height 1000 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 796 x 1000 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Photograph of Liborio Santiago Perez standing in front of mural in "La Villa" in Mexico City. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Photograph of bracero in front of mural Title A name given to the resource Photograph of bracero in front of mural Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Mexico City, Mexico Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez bracero mural Perez photo Santiago https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1957_cfaffe642a.jpg 43db3303322281357e533fdb6007de53 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2312 Height 3036 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2312 x 3036 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union money order by Liborio Santiago Perez. 1st form dated 16 Sep 1957 and 2nd dated 24 Oct 1957. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Calipatria, California Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1957-09-16 1957-10-24 money order Perez Santiago union western https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1961-(1)_24a338e9f1.jpg d62ec5a351a54b43d204c99a72e6054e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2244 Height 3080 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 96 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2244 X 3080 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union Money Order by Liborio Santiago Perez. 1st form dated 24 Aug 1961 and 2nd dated 21 Dec 1961. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Seminole, Texas and Oaxaca, Mexico Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1961-08-24 1961-12-21 money order Perez Santiago union western https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1961-(2)_6f1c7268d2.jpg 7fc6ddb6a5fae8c107c77c8e0e164483 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2304 Height 1584 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2304 x 1584 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union money order by Liborio Santiago Perez. One form dated 25 Jul 1961, Harlingen, Texas. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Harlingen, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1961-07-25 money order Perez Santiago union western https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1962-(2)_463eb7fdfb.jpg b76d3247e7fe31d99bd72ad1234e08ba Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2212 Height 3120 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2212 x 3120 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union money order by Liborio Santiago Perez. First document signed on 20 Feb 1962. Second signed on 26 Mar 1962. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Seminole, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1961-02-20 1961-03-26 money order Perez Santiago union western https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1962-(3)_cebfeb8724.jpg 1c55bdcc789b030dbc0a48c45026516f Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2196 Height 3020 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2196 x 3020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union money order by Liborio Santiago Perez. First document dated 22 Jan 1962. Second document dated 10 Feb 1962. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Seminole, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1961-01-22 1961-02-10 money order Perez Santiago union western https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1962-(4)_bbfb44a6a5.jpg cc5cd20f8be6c6631da37610ce6b4e0d Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2228 Height 3036 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2228 x 3036 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union money order for Liborio Santiago Perez. First document dated 9 Mar 1962. Second document dated 18 Jun 1962. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Seminole, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1961-03-09 1961-06-18 money order Perez Santiago union western https://www.braceroarchive.org/files/original/recibos-envio-dinero-western-union-1962-(5)_5862ae37a9.jpg 00358ef433bb0eff88ea5c5ee9551a19 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2212 Height 1544 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Liborio Santiago Perez Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Liborio Santiago Perez Resolution pixels per inch 300 Electronic Dimensions Digital file dims. in pixels. 2212 x 1544 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Villarreal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Liborio Santiago Perez Western Union Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-07-07 Description An account of the resource Western Union money order for Liborio Santiago Perez. Document dated 9 Jul 1962. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mexico City Subject The topic of the resource Western Union money order Title A name given to the resource Western Union money order Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Seminole, Texas Rights Holder Liborio Santiago Perez Temporal Coverage 1962-07-09 money order Perez Santiago union western